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Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE is a widely used Platform (computing) for Server (computing) programming in the Java (programming language) programming language. The Java Platform differs from the Java Standard Edition in that it adds additional libraries which provide functionality to deploy fault-tolerant, Distributed computing, multitier architecture Java Application software, based largely on modularity_(programming) software components running on an application server.

Nomenclature, standards and specifications The platform was known as Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or J2EE until the name was changed to Java EE in version 1.5.

Java EE is defined by its Program specification. As with other Java Community Process specifications, Java EE is also considered informally to be a Standardization since providers must agree to certain conformance requirements in order to declare their products as Java EE compliant; albeit with no International Organization for Standardization or European Computer Manufacturers Association standard.

Java EE includes several Application programming interface specifications, such as Java Database Connectivity, Remote Method Invocation, e-mail, Java Message Service, web services, XML, etc, and defines how to coordinate them. Java EE also features some specifications unique to Java EE for components. These include Enterprise JavaBeans, servlets, portlets (following the Java Portlet specification), JavaServer Pages and several web service technologies. This allows developers to create enterprise applications that are Porting and scalability, and that integrate with legacy technologies. A Java EE "application server" can handle the transactions, security, arity, scalability, "gender", concurrency and management of the components that are deployed to it, meaning that the developers can concentrate more on the business logic of the components rather than on infrastructure and integration tasks.

History The original J2EE specification was developed by Sun Microsystems.

The J2EE 1.2 SDK was released in December 1999.

Starting with J2EE 1.3, the specification was developed under the Java Community Process. JSR 58 specifies J2EE 1.3 and JSR 151 specifies the J2EE 1.4 specification.

The J2EE 1.3 SDK was first released by Sun as a beta in April 2001. The J2EE 1.4 SDK beta was released by Sun in December 2002.

The Java EE 5 specification was developed under JSR 244 and the final release was made on May 11, 2006.

The Java EE 6 specification is being developed under JSR 316 and is scheduled for release in 2008.

General APIs The Java EE APIs includes several technologies that extend the functionality of the base Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition Application programming interfaces.

.* The Enterprise JavaBeans API defines a set of APIs that a distributed object container will support in order to provide Persistence_%28computer_science%29, remote procedure calls (using Java remote method invocation or RMI-IIOP), concurrency control, and access control for distributed objects.

The javax.naming, , , and packages define the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) API.

, The java.sql and javax.sql packages define the Java Database Connectivity.

.* These packages define the Java Transaction API.

.* These packages define the Java API for XML Processing API. This is used for XML parsing.

.* These packages define the Java Message Service API.

.* These packages define the JAX-WS API responsible for web services support.

Java EE 5 application server certified

Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition 9.0, developed as the open-source server GlassFish
WebLogic Application Server 10.0 from BEA Systems
SAP NetWeaver Application Server, Java EE 5 Edition from SAP AG
JEUS 6, an Application Server from TmaxSoft

J2EE 1.4 application server certified

JBoss, an open-source application server from JBoss. A beta version of the JEE 5 version is available but this version is not certified .
Apache Geronimo, an open-source application server from Apache
Pramati Server 5.0
JOnAS, an open-source application server from ObjectWeb
Oracle Application Server 10g
Resin application server, an application server with integrated XML support
SAP NetWeaver Application Server, Java EE 5 Edition from SAP
Sun Java System Web Server
Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition 8.2
IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS)

J2EE 1.3 application server certified

JRun Application Server from Macromedia

Publications

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Solveig Haugland, Mark Cade, Anthony Orapallo: J2EE 1.4: The Big Picture, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-148010-3
Alan Monnox: Rapid J2EE Development: An Adaptive Foundation for Enterprise Applications, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-147220-8
Renaud Pawlak, Lionel Seinturier, Jean-Philippe Retaillé: Foundations of AOP for J2EE Development, ISBN 1-59059-507-6
Christopher Judd, Hakeem Shittu: Pro Eclipse JST: Plug-ins for J2EE Development, ISBN 1-59059-493-2